Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad
In Costa Rica, there are significant challenges regarding wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the management of municipal wastewater in Costa Rica, with emphasis on the technological profile, the use of anaerobic systems, and the recovery of generated by-products. A mixed approach was used, c...
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Universidad de Costa Rica
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/55222 |
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| author | Mora, Erick Centeno Cruz Zúñiga, Nidia Vidal Rivera, Paola |
| author_facet | Mora, Erick Centeno Cruz Zúñiga, Nidia Vidal Rivera, Paola |
| author_sort | Mora, Erick Centeno |
| collection | Revista Ingeniería (RI) |
| description | In Costa Rica, there are significant challenges regarding wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the management of municipal wastewater in Costa Rica, with emphasis on the technological profile, the use of anaerobic systems, and the recovery of generated by-products. A mixed approach was used, combining secondary information from databases, expert consultations, and participatory workshops. It was found that the majority of existing systems work with activated sludge and direct discharge to receiving bodies. Additionally, significant gaps were identified for the implementation of anaerobic systems for wastewater treatment. From a technical standpoint, the lack of training and confidence in designing and operating these systems was noted, along with the relevance of controlling the treatment of emerging contaminants. From an economic standpoint, the lack of financial sustainability of projects, low capacity for user payment, and lack of incentives or tiered tariff systems were identified. Within institutional gaps, the main issue was the need for clearer sectoral leadership and avoiding duplication of functions. All the above requires robust and clear regulations that allow for innovation in the systems to be implemented. Finally, it was found that for the circular economy principle to become a reality, cultural change is required, and the paradigm that wastewater is only meant for disposal must be changed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-07-11T00:00:36Z |
| format | Online |
| id | INII-RI-article-55222 |
| institution | Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería (INII) |
| language | spa |
| last_indexed | 2024-07-11T00:00:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | INII-RI-article-552222024-01-29T16:03:23Z Ordinary wastewater treatment in Costa Rica: technological profile and sustainability prospects Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad Mora, Erick Centeno Cruz Zúñiga, Nidia Vidal Rivera, Paola aguas residuales depuración de aguas ordinarias economía circular sistemas de tratamiento anaeróbico Anaerobic treatment systems circular economy municipal wastewater treatment sewage In Costa Rica, there are significant challenges regarding wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the management of municipal wastewater in Costa Rica, with emphasis on the technological profile, the use of anaerobic systems, and the recovery of generated by-products. A mixed approach was used, combining secondary information from databases, expert consultations, and participatory workshops. It was found that the majority of existing systems work with activated sludge and direct discharge to receiving bodies. Additionally, significant gaps were identified for the implementation of anaerobic systems for wastewater treatment. From a technical standpoint, the lack of training and confidence in designing and operating these systems was noted, along with the relevance of controlling the treatment of emerging contaminants. From an economic standpoint, the lack of financial sustainability of projects, low capacity for user payment, and lack of incentives or tiered tariff systems were identified. Within institutional gaps, the main issue was the need for clearer sectoral leadership and avoiding duplication of functions. All the above requires robust and clear regulations that allow for innovation in the systems to be implemented. Finally, it was found that for the circular economy principle to become a reality, cultural change is required, and the paradigm that wastewater is only meant for disposal must be changed. En Costa Rica existen grandes desafíos en materia de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Este trabajo evaluó la gestión de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica, dando énfasis al perfil tecnológico, al uso de sistemas anaerobios y a la recuperación de los subproductos generados. Se consideró un abordaje mixto, combinando información secundaria de bases de datos, consultas a expertos y talleres participativos. Se logró evidenciar que la mayoría de los sistemas que existen trabaja con lodos activados y con vertido directo a cuerpo receptor. Además, se evidenciaron brechas importantes para la implementación de los sistemas anaerobios para el tratamiento de aguas residuales: desde el punto de vista técnico, se identificó la falta de capacitación y de confianza en diseñarlos y operarlos, aunado a la relevancia de controlar el tratamiento de contaminantes emergentes; desde el punto de vista económico, se apunta la falta de sostenibilidad financiera de los proyectos y poca capacidad de pago de los usuarios, falta de incentivos o de sistemas tarifarios escalonados; dentro de las brechas institucionales la principal es la necesidad de tener una rectoría más clara del sector y evitar la duplicidad de funciones. Se demostró que lo anterior requiere ir ligado de una normativa robusta y clara, que permita la innovación en los sistemas a implementar. Finalmente, se pudo detectar que, para que el principio de economía circular sea una realidad, se requiere trabajar en un cambio cultural y en romper el paradigma de que las aguas residuales solo sirven para desecharlas. Universidad de Costa Rica 2023-09-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article Artículo application/pdf text/html application/epub+zip https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/55222 10.15517/ri.v34i1.55222 Ingeniería; Vol. 34 No. 1 (2024): January - June 2024; 7-22 Ingeniería; Vol. 34 Núm. 1 (2024): Enero - Junio 2024; 7-22 Ingeniería; Vol. 34 N.º 1 (2024): Enero - Junio 2024; 7-22 2215-2652 1409-2441 spa https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/55222/57170 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/55222/57171 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/55222/57172 Derechos de autor 2023 Erick Centeno Mora, Nidia Cruz Zúñiga, Paola Vidal Rivera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | aguas residuales depuración de aguas ordinarias economía circular sistemas de tratamiento anaeróbico Anaerobic treatment systems circular economy municipal wastewater treatment sewage Mora, Erick Centeno Cruz Zúñiga, Nidia Vidal Rivera, Paola Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| title | Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| title_alt | Ordinary wastewater treatment in Costa Rica: technological profile and sustainability prospects |
| title_full | Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| title_fullStr | Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| title_short | Tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica: perfil tecnológico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| title_sort | tratamiento de aguas residuales ordinarias en costa rica perfil tecnologico y perspectivas de sostenibilidad |
| topic | aguas residuales depuración de aguas ordinarias economía circular sistemas de tratamiento anaeróbico Anaerobic treatment systems circular economy municipal wastewater treatment sewage |
| topic_facet | aguas residuales depuración de aguas ordinarias economía circular sistemas de tratamiento anaeróbico Anaerobic treatment systems circular economy municipal wastewater treatment sewage |
| url | https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ingenieria/article/view/55222 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT moraerickcenteno ordinarywastewatertreatmentincostaricatechnologicalprofileandsustainabilityprospects AT cruzzuniganidia ordinarywastewatertreatmentincostaricatechnologicalprofileandsustainabilityprospects AT vidalriverapaola ordinarywastewatertreatmentincostaricatechnologicalprofileandsustainabilityprospects AT moraerickcenteno tratamientodeaguasresidualesordinariasencostaricaperfiltecnologicoyperspectivasdesostenibilidad AT cruzzuniganidia tratamientodeaguasresidualesordinariasencostaricaperfiltecnologicoyperspectivasdesostenibilidad AT vidalriverapaola tratamientodeaguasresidualesordinariasencostaricaperfiltecnologicoyperspectivasdesostenibilidad |